Legal Protection of Heirs’ Death-Benefit Rights in Unresolved Unilateral Termination Disputes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59261/jlsp.v4i5.292Keywords:
Death Benefits, Unilateral Termination, Heirs’ RightsAbstract
Background: Death benefits are intended to protect surviving heirs when a participant in employment-related social security dies. A legal problem arises when an employer ceases making contributions and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan records a worker as inactive while a termination dispute remains unresolved, because administrative deactivation may affect the heirs’ access to JKM benefits.
Objective: This research examines legal gaps, implementation obstacles, institutional responsibilities, and available remedies affecting heirs’ entitlement to death benefits when BPJS participation is deactivated during an unresolved termination dispute.
Methods: The study employs normative-empirical legal research using a live case study. Empirical data were obtained through interviews and a focus group discussion (FGD) involving BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, the Manpower Office, Apindo, SPN, a labor-law academic, and the affected heir. Legal materials concerning termination, BPJS participation, JKM, and industrial-relations dispute settlement were analyzed qualitatively as the normative benchmark against which the case evidence was assessed.
Results: BPJS Ketenagakerjaan treated the worker’s inactive administrative status, resulting from the employer’s cessation of contributions, as the basis for denying the principal JKM claim, while the Manpower Office and other informants considered the termination to remain unresolved. The regulatory review identifies ambiguity in verifying employer-initiated deactivation during a contested termination and demonstrates that industrial-relations disputes and BPJS benefit disputes are subject to different legal mechanisms.
Conclusion: Administrative deactivation should not automatically be treated as determinative of substantive JKM entitlement without examining the worker’s legal status and statutory eligibility at the time of death. Clear rules on verification and inter-institutional coordination are needed while preserving the distinct responsibilities of the employer, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, and the manpower authorities.
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