Sharia Economic Transaction Law: An Overview of Theoretical and Philosophical Basis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59261/jlsp.v4i4.282Keywords:
Philosophical and theoretical basis, sharia economic transaction law, gharar, digital muamalah, concretization frameworkAbstract
Background: Existing studies on the philosophy of Islamic economic law have widely elaborated the classical foundations of Shariah transaction law. Yet, most remain descriptive overviews that stop short of connecting these foundations to contemporary mu??mal?t practices, such as digital sale-and-purchase schemes, mystery-box transactions, and cross-border dumping. This gap leaves practitioners and regulators without a systematic bridge between normative fiqh principles and present-day transactional realities.
Objective: This article addresses that gap by developing and applying an Epistemic-Normative-Contextual (ENC) Concretization Framework, which formalizes the three-stage process through which Islamic law moves from foundational values (al-Qiyam al-As?siyyah) to universal legal maxims (al-Qaw??id al-Kulliyyah) and, finally, to concrete and applicable rulings.
Methods: This qualitative, library-based study employs a conceptual and philosophical-juridical approach, analyzing primary Islamic legal sources and relevant contemporary literature on gharar, rib?, and digital mu??mal?t through content analysis.
Results: The ENC Framework is illustratively applied to mystery-box transactions, dumping practices, and digital assets, including cryptocurrency. The findings suggest that principles such as tar??in and al-waf?? bi al-?uq?d, as well as the prohibitions of gharar, rib?, and maysir, can provide a structured normative framework for assessing contemporary transactions. Rather than producing definitive Shariah-compliant verdicts, the framework offers a conceptual tool for systematic juridical reasoning concerning emerging transaction models.
Conclusion: This article contributes a reusable conceptual framework for future normative and empirical research on Islamic economic law. It offers a reference point for regulators and Islamic economic educators addressing digital-era mu??mal?t.
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