Governing the Sea as Commons: From the Tragedy of Open Access toward Rights-Based, Multispecies Community Governance in Coastal Bengkulu

Erwin Basrin; Septri  Widiono

doi:10.59261/jlsp.v4i3.150

Authors

Erwin Basrin Akar Global Inisiatif
Septri Widiono Universitas Bengkulu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59261/jlsp.v4i3.150

Keywords:

Metabolic Rift, Biocultural Keystone Species, Temporary Closure, Octopus Fishery, RTRW, RZWP3K, Spatial Justice

Abstract

Background: Coastal communities in Bengkulu face ecological degradation and resource conflicts resulting from tensions between customary marine governance systems and capital-driven exploitation.

Objective: This study examines marine governance across Enggano Island, Pasar Seluma, Linau, and Merpas using the Commons, Rift, and Justice (CRJ) framework, which integrates commons governance, metabolic rift theory, and multispecies justice perspectives.

Methods: A qualitative comparative case study design was employed. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with 47 key informants, six focus group discussions, and critical discourse analysis of the Regional Spatial Plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah [RTRW]) and the Coastal and Small Islands Spatial Plan (Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil [RZWP3K]).

Results: The absence of legally recognized customary marine tenure emerged as the primary driver of ecological decline and resource conflicts. Although local communities possess strong customary institutions, they lack formal authority to regulate access and enforce sanctions. Enggano has mapped a three-nautical-mile customary marine territory, Pasar Seluma has initiated marine spatial mapping, and Kaur communities have implemented temporary octopus habitat closures and ecological monitoring since 2020. These initiatives are consistent with Ostrom’s design principles but remain legally unenforceable under the current governance framework.

Conclusion: Recognizing customary marine rights and establishing rights-based co-management through a Customary Marine Council are essential for strengthening community authority, restoring coastal ecosystems, limiting exploitative access, and advancing multispecies justice in Bengkulu.

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